Ever had thoughts of becoming a hacker, an ethical one that is? The EC-Council has released a certification called Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH). Its goal is to certify security practitioners in the methodology of ethical hacking. This vendor neutral certification covers the standards and language involved in common exploits, vulnerabilities, and countermeasures. If you have been to a bookstore lately, you've most likely seen that there is an abundance of books on hacking and "how to hack." Until now, few organizations have worked toward quantifying ethical hacking, defining its legalities, or specifying its useful role in modern organizations. This is what the EC-Council is attempting to do with this certification. Keep reading if you want to learn more. Is port scanning legal? Port scanning remains a questionable, legal subject. There is little debate that it's usually the first step in an attack. By itself, it may not constitute an attack. It's not very different than going from house to house knocking on doors. As a question of its legality, the Georgia District Court case of "Moulton vs. VC3," the judge declared a port scan in the case legal because it did not "impair the integrity or availability of the network." The judge ruled that since there was no damage to the target, it could not be illegal. Not all states, service providers, or organizations share that view. Some ISP's will terminate the service of individuals performing port scans. Prudence is the best course of action. It's best not to perform a port scan without the consent of the network owner. It's interesting to note that if you search on "port scanning," the popup ads displayed tend to be those of law firms and legal aid providers! Why Must We Have Ethical Hackers? Organizations must secure their IT infrastructure and networks. Just as corporations employ auditors to routinely examine financial records, so should corporations audit security policy. We have all seen the havoc that a lack of real financial audits can cause. Just as accountants perform bookkeeping audits, ethical hackers perform security audits. Without security audits and compliance controls, no real security exists. This is a big problem. There are plenty of individuals waiting to test and probe your organization's security stance. These individuals range from government and corporate spies, to hackers, crackers, script kiddies, or those who write and release malicious code into the wild. Their presence in your network in not a good thing! Who Are Ethical Hackers? An ethical hacker is most similar to a penetration tester. The ethical hacker is an individual who is employed or contracted to undertake an attempted penetration test. These individuals use the same methods employed by hackers. In case you were unsure; hacking is a felony in the United States. Ethical hackers have written authorization to probe a network. Only then is this attempted hack legal, as there is a contract between the ethical hacker and the organization. In 1995, long before today's more stringent guidelines, one individual received 3 felony counts, 5 years probation, 480 hours of community service, and a $68,000 legal bill for failing to insure proper authorization. Don't let this happen to you! How is Ethical Hacking Performed? Primarily, ethical hackers are employed in groups to perform penetration tests. These groups are commonly referred to as "Red Teams." These individuals are being paid by the organization to poke, prod, and determine the overall level of security. Again, what is important here is that they have been given written permission to perform this test and have detailed boundaries to work within. Don't be lulled into believing that the penalties for illegal penetration are low, it is a felony! What is on the Test? The Certified Ethical Hacker exam consists of 21 domains covered in 50 questions. It has a two-hour time limit. These questions are multiple choice. During the test, you are allowed to mark questions if you're not sure of an answer and return for later review. The format of the questions is choose one or choose all that apply. The domains were compiled to evaluate the full range of security testing. One must also demonstrate how hacker tools work and demonstrate knowledge of professional security tools, as well as how these tools are utilized. The 21 domains are as follows: 1. Ethics and Legal Issues 2. Footprinting 3. Scanning 4. Enumeration 5. System Hacking 6. Trojans and Backdoors 7. Sniffers 8. Denial of Service 9. Social Engineering 10. Session Hijacking 11. Hacking Web Servers 12. Web Application Vulnerabilities 13. Web Based Password Cracking Techniques 14. SQL Injection 15. Hacking Wireless Networks 16. Virus and Worms 17. Hacking Novell 18. Hacking Linux 19. IDS, Firewalls, and Honeypots 20. Buffer Overflows 21. Cryptography These domains comprise a full body of ethical hacking knowledge. It's good that the exams first domain is centered on ethics and legal issues. This is an important domain. Always make sure you have written consent to perform any type of penetration test or security audit.